Solution approaches for integrated vehicle and crew scheduling with electric buses

The use of electric buses is expected to rise due its environmental benefits. However, vehicles are less flexible than conventional diesel their limited driving range and longer recharging times. Therefore, scheduling adds further operational difficulties. Additionally, various labor regulations challenge public transport companies find a cost-efficient crew schedule. Vehicle problems essentially define the cost operations. In practice, these two often solved sequentially. this paper, we introduce integrated vehicle problem (E-VCSP). Given set timetabled trips stations, E-VCSP concerned with finding schedules that cover satisfy constraints, such as for while minimizing total cost. An adaptive large neighborhood search utilizes branch-and-price heuristics proposed tackle E-VCSP. method tested on real-life instances from in Denmark Sweden contain up 1109 trips. heuristic approach provides evidence improving efficiency systems when aspects considered simultaneously. By comparing traditional sequential approach, finds improvements 1.17–4.37% average. A sensitivity analysis bus technology carried out indicate implications schedule shows decreases increasing (120–250 km) vehicles.